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新莆京股份

CHINSC

节能环保 绿色科技 和谐发展 造福人类

19

2017

-

09

锅炉燃烧系统变频节能改造方案

作者:


  一、基本情况

  某厂原有设备蒸汽锅炉采用链条炉,引风电动机为75KW,鼓风电动机55KW,炉排电机为5.5KW,炉排电机采用直流调速来给煤量得大小,鼓风和引风量通过调节风门来实现。鼓风和引风电动机采用降压起动方式。

  二、现在锅炉通风系统运行状况分析

  1、对生产工艺中负荷变化的适应能力差

  由于生产负荷和气候在不断变化,要求锅炉系统要跟随其变化,现有燃烧系统给煤机采用直流调速,进煤量与转速成正比,风量通过风门调节,风门开合度大小与风量调节不成正比,风煤配比无法高效适应负荷变化。

  2、现有通风系统不能满足锅炉操作工艺要求

  调小风门、风量减少:但风压提高,为使煤层不被吹破,造成炉膛内串风情况,必须使煤层较厚,这样煤不能保证充分燃烧,造成煤耗加大。

  3、能量浪费严重

  一般风门调节不方便,往往使送风、引风系统均处于过量供给的状态。送风过量,外界空气(40℃)过多地进入炉膛(500℃以上)需吸收大量的热量,造成煤的浪费,送风电机电流较高,造成能量浪费;引风过量,造成大量的热空气被引风系统带走,虽然经过省煤器后,排烟温度仍然超标,造成煤的浪费,同时引风电机电流高达额定值,使电能白白浪费了。

  4、电机起动冲击电网

  电机起动虽然采用降压起动方式,但在起动过程中,起动电流仍高达额定电流的3-4倍,而且操作复杂,维护量大,设备故障率高,增加维修费用。

  5、变频调速改造鼓风和引风系统是链条炉节能降耗、提高热效率的必然趋势。

  三、变频调风机节能的优越性

  按离心风机的特性,风机的风量变化与转速化成正比,而功率与转速的立方成正比,因此,负荷调节时,改变转速,使轴功率明显下降,因而具有显著的节能效果。

  风量与转速一次方成正比,风量大小可控,风压大小可控,可以充分满足燃烧系统调风的工艺要求,可以大量减少飞灰量,提高热交换效率,减少环境污染,节约燃煤。

  风机的工作效率由下式计算:

  ηp=C1(Q/n)-C2(Q/n)2 式中Q为风量,n为转速,C1C2为常数。

  通过风门控风量时,因转速n不变,而流量Q下降,故效率ηp下降,而通过转速控制风量时,风量与转速成正比,比值(Q/n)不变,故效率ηp始终保持最佳状况。可见采用变频调速后,风机的工作效率将大为提高。

  四、经济效益分析

  1、节约电费

  75KW引风机和55KW鼓风机以运行频率40.00Hz为例,其工作转速为额定转速的80%,风机消耗功率为P2=0.83 Pn=0.512Pn

  每年按12个月生产期,考虑各种损耗以节电30% 计算。

  W=(75KW+55KW+5.5KW)X12X30X24X30% =351216KWh

  以每千瓦时电价0.5计算,每年可节约电费351216X0.5元=175608元。

  2、节约燃煤

  风煤比可方便配合,能很好地适应负荷变化,达到最佳燃烧方式,提高热效率。在生产等量蒸汽的情况下,可省煤5% ,一年节省煤按每天用煤60T计算,价格按200元/T计算,可节约:

  60X5%X200X30X12=216000元以上。

  变频改造后,直接经济效益一年达175608+216000=391608元。

  五、设备投资

  变频的使用年限可达十年,投资回报计算如下:

  75KW日节电费:75X24X30%X0.5=270元

  55KW日节电费:55X24X30%X0.5=198元

  投资回收( )÷(270+198)÷30=( )月

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